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Hamidreza Daghigh Shirazi obtained his M.Sc. degree in Functional Materials from Aalto University. During his Master’s studies, he was able to gain experience in a wide range of topics, from synthesis of semiconductor nanostructures for solar-cell applications to additive manufacturing, as part of Prof. Simo-Pekka Hannula's lab. Having been selected to receive FinnCERES Biomaterial Economy funding for his doctoral research at Aalto’s School of Chemical Engineering, Hamidreza joined the Multifunctional Materials Design (MMD) group led by Prof. Jaana Vapaavuori as a doctoral researcher in September 2020.

During his doctoral studies, his research aimed to improve the efficiency and lifetime of solar cells by using bio-based materials. In 2021, he received funding for conducting research on nanocellulose films at RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, and in 2024, he was awarded a mobility grant by Walter Ahlström Foundation to carry out research at Federal Polytechnic School of Lausanne EPFL (Switzerland). Hamidreza defended his doctoral dissertation titled ‘’ in May 2025. 

We met with Hamidreza in summer 2025 to talk about his doctoral journey at Aalto — the challenges, skills, achievements, and lessons learned along the way — as well as his research visit to EPFL and his time as part of the MMD group.

About the doctoral research and choosing the research path

When Hamidreza began his doctoral studies in 2020, the idea for the research looked quite different from the thesis he eventually submitted. The initial focus was on applying bio-based materials in solar cells. However, as the work evolved, the scope expanded. His dissertation, Fabrication of Bio-Inspired Films and Surfaces, explored multiple ways to create multifunctional materials inspired by nature.

“In the end, the solar cell application was only one part of the thesis,” he explained. “We tried to learn from nature to implement functionalities and even go beyond them.”

The work aimed not only at scientific exploration but also at practical pathways, such as ensuring that bio-based materials could be used for upscaling in the future. Reflecting on the diversity of his project, he compared it to a bouquet: “I picked one flower from every garden to put in my thesis.”

Hamidreza believes that for many young researchers, choosing a research topic can feel overwhelming or somewhat vague. For some, the path is clearer when they join an already ongoing project — but every approach has its own advantages and challenges. When a project offers more freedom, it also brings certain difficulties, as early-stage researchers may lack the experience needed to narrow their focus.

Hamidreza described his path into research as one that leaned toward independence and freedom. Unlike projects with a strict framework, his doctoral topic gave him space to explore and shape his own direction. The idea of combining clean energy, bio-based materials, and inspiration from nature had always intrigued him. “I like to say it was like throwing an apple into the air — it turns so many times before it comes back down,” he said, referring to the dynamic nature of research.

The decision to pursue a PhD took shape gradually during Hamidreza’s master’s studies. He had conversations with several doctoral candidates at the time. and during the first months of his master’s thesis, he came to the conclusion that he truly enjoyed research and wanted to continue. He felt that the flexibility of doctoral work — the freedom to manage his own time and explore ideas independently — suited his personality. “Of course, it depends a lot on the supervisor and the group,” he noted, “but having that space to direct your own work made the idea of continuing in research very attractive.” As he put it, “It was like a sinus curve — sometimes I thought I’d go into industry, but eventually the curve stabilized, and I knew I wanted to continue in research.”

About skills gained during the PhD

Looking back, Hamidreza emphasized that a PhD is as much about developing soft skills as it is about technical expertise. Over the years, he learned to present his work more clearly and confidently — whether in papers, his thesis, or everyday discussions. Writing scientifically, thinking critically, and communicating research concisely became central to his growth as a researcher. “The way I look at problems now is very different from the beginning of my studies,” he reflected. “It’s a step-by-step process, but the level of maturity is quite different.”

Beyond communication and critical thinking, he also pointed to practical, hands-on skills as valuable outcomes of his PhD journey — learning to operate specialized instruments, perform complex experiments, and write grant proposals. These, he noted, are not things one masters quickly. “There’s no straightforward way to learn them,” he explained. “You can take courses or watch tutorials, but real understanding only comes through practice. They’re slow learning processes, but incredibly rewarding.”

Advice for future doctoral students and balancing work and free time

For those considering a PhD, Hamidreza stressed the importance of preparation and support. “Because something sounds interesting doesn’t mean it’s worth the next 4–5 years of your life,” he cautioned.

He advised prospective students to carefully evaluate the research group and the advisor before committing. “Having a direct advisor is the most valuable thing. Otherwise, it becomes very difficult to move forward.” He also reminded future researchers that a PhD is “not a sprint, it’s a marathon,” and that wellbeing should not be overlooked.

When asked about managing workload, Hamidreza admitted he doesn’t see himself as the best role model. However, he believes that having routines can help maintain balance: “It’s very difficult to advise others if you’re not already good at it — but routines can make a difference.”

Research visit to Switzerland and stepping outside the comfort zone

One of the highlights of Hamidreza’s doctoral journey was a research visit to EPFL in Switzerland — an experience that, as he described, shaped him in ways that went beyond research alone. “EPFL is a top-notch university with really knowledgeable scientists and great equipment,” he recalled. “The work I did there was very different from what I had been doing at Aalto, which is why it’s not included in my thesis. But it was invaluable.”

The original plan was to continue exploring multifunctional surface structures, using VAT photopolymerization and 3D printing to selectively tune material properties. However, like many research projects, the path was not straightforward. “Challenges happen during research, and you have to detour sometimes. When you look back at the original plan, it can end up being very different,” he said.

For Hamidreza, the real value of the research visit lay in stepping outside his familiar environment. Working in a different scientific culture forced him to adapt, start from the basics again, and develop new ways of looking at problems. “It doesn’t matter how much experience you have in your own field — sometimes you need to go back to the roots, start from scratch, and move forward from there,” he reflected. “That can be very valuable.” He encouraged other doctoral students to pursue research visits early in their studies. Bringing new knowledge back to their home universities not only benefits their projects but also deepens their appreciation for the resources and community they already have.

Hamidreza also noted the contrast such visits bring. Being away made him appreciate his own research group more strongly. “The times I felt most that our MMD group is like a family were when we had guests. The contrast is precious. And for those living abroad, it makes coming back to Finland feel even more like home.”

In the end, he saw the visit not only as a scientific opportunity but also as a personal and professional growth experience. “Walking out of your comfort zone makes you rethink problems and helps you develop your skills even more.”

Reflections on doctoral life at Aalto

Looking back at his time at Aalto, Hamidreza described his doctoral journey as one filled with uncertainty but also personal growth. “The nature of doctoral studies is that it is full of uncertainties. The rewards are achieved over a long time, and the patience that comes with it makes you grow as a person,” he said.

Starting his PhD just months after the pandemic outbreak brought its own challenges. With empty labs and offices, even small encounters with colleagues felt meaningful. Over time, social activities became an important part of coping with research life. “The friendship and support from my teammates at MMD made it possible to get through this sanely. Things like pancake Thursdays, the knitting club, or simple coffee breaks — they remind you that you are not alone in this journey.”

Hamidreza emphasized the impact of good supervision and group dynamics. He expressed gratitude to his supervisor, Professor Jaana Vapaavuori, describing her as “the chilliest supervisor out there.” What began as a lighthearted remark during his defense turned into a deeper reflection on leadership: “Over time, I think group members become like their supervisor. If they are strict or fun, arrogant or chill, the group reflects that vibe. The energy we have in MMD definitely comes from Jaana, and I really appreciate that.”

Beyond individual mentorship, he highlighted how the community of peers shaped his experience. Just as in life, he noted, people come and go during the long doctoral process. “It’s like mathematics sometimes — addition and subtraction. It’s fun when you get together, and less fun when journeys come to an end. But that’s life.”

Now at the finish line of his PhD, Hamidreza feels excited about the opportunities ahead. He hopes to carry forward the same energy and positivity he experienced at Aalto. “I really wish for the same energy — not only for myself, but for every other group, to also be able to have fun here and there.”

Contact information:

Hamidreza Daghigh Shirazi on